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In 1834 a document written in Māori and entitled " He Wakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni" was translated into English and became the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand. This was written as Nu Tireni in the Māori language. This name was later anglicised to New Zealand. Hendrik Brouwer proved that the South American land was a small island in 1643, and Dutch cartographers subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery Nova Zeelandia from Latin, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. The first European visitor to New Zealand, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, named the islands Staten Land, believing they were part of the Staten Landt that Jacob Le Maire had sighted off the southern end of South America.
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New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, UKUSA, OECD, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum.įurther information: New Zealand place names Detail from a 1657 map showing the western coastline of Nova Zeelandia (on this map, north is at the bottom)
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The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory) the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand) and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. Charles III is the country's king and is represented by the governor-general. Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the prime minister, currently Chris Hipkins. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector, and agriculture international tourism is also a significant source of revenue. New Zealand underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. It retains visible levels of inequality, having structural disparities between its Māori and European populations. It ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, human rights, and it has low levels of perceived corruption. The official languages are English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with the local dialect of English being dominant.Ī developed country, it was the first to introduce a minimum wage, and the first to give women the right to vote. Reflecting this, New Zealand's culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with recent broadening of culture arising from increased immigration. Today, the majority of New Zealand's population of 5.1 million is of European descent the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders.
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New Zealand became a dominion in 1907 it gained full statutory independence in 1947, retaining the monarch as head of state.
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Subsequently, a series of conflicts between the colonial government and Māori tribes resulted in the alienation and confiscation of large amounts of Māori land. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which in its English version declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand.
Between about 12, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans.
New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. It consists of two main landmasses-the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu)-and over 700 smaller islands. New Zealand ( Māori: Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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